The National Education Plan (2014/2024) and Goal 15: Evaluation, Limits, and Perspectives

Abstract

This study is part of educational policies, focusing on the National Education Plan (PNE) and the report of the 5th cycle of monitoring the PNE 2024 goals, especially goal 15, which addresses the initial training of Basic Education teachers. The objective is to analyze studies from the last decade (2014-2024) on this goal to identify the challenges faced in its achievement. The relevance of the study is highlighted by the planning of the new PNE (2024-2034) and the intention to contribute with reflections on the achievements and pending issues of goal 15. The methodology adopted was a systematic literature review in the BDTD and Scielo databases, covering the last 10 years. Descriptors such as: National Education Plan (2014) AND goal 15 OR initial training AND basic education teachers were used, resulting in 8 studies analyzed qualitatively. The analyses generated two main categories: 1) strategies achieved and not achieved by goal 15; 2) challenges for the next PNE 2024-2034 regarding goal 15. The results indicate that initial training must overcome the technicist model and that there are a large number of trained teachers working outside their areas due to failures in government incentive programs for graduation, which do not cover all teachers and precarious higher education. Data also reveal the devaluation of teaching work. It is concluded that the PNE is crucial for a democratic society and it is suggested to continue research on initial training, professional appreciation, and educational policies for the improvement of the teaching career in Brazil.